There are effective and very low toxicity materials on the market now for lawn grub control. Because of that, and the high cost, we do not recommend it to homeowners. Milky spore in the soil is not harmful to beneficial insects, birds, bees, pets, or people and milky spore, like other bacteria, is highly survivable in drought conditions but suffers in temperatures of Zone 5 and colder. Our research showed us years ago that the milky spore available for purchase was not as effective as the original population had been. Within 7–21 days the grub will eventually die and as the grub decomposes, billions of new spores are released into the soil. This ingestion of the spore by the host activates reproduction of the bacteria inside the grub. Resident spores in the soil are swallowed by grubs during their normal pattern of feeding on roots. This is also the optimal time frame for turf inoculation or applications with milky spore to increase milky spore in the soil environment (there are product specific guidelines that should be followed for milky spore application). In August, when the grubs are close to the surface and feeding, they are vulnerable to infestation by milky spore. ![]() As the weather gets cooler and winter approaches, the grubs go deeper into the soil, and feeding declines as they over-winter. ![]() If the grubs in your lawn are identified as chafers or any species other than Japanese. The nematodes will give more immediate control while milky spore inoculation is spreading. ![]() The eggs hatch soon afterwards and in this larval or grub stage, they feed on the roots of grass and other plants. If the infestation is large enough (>10 grubs per square foot), you can use beneficial nematodes and milky spore powder at the same time. During this adult stage, the beetles also mate and the females lay eggs in the soil in late July to early August. The adult Japanese beetles pupate in July (in the Northeast United States) and feed on flowers and leaves of shrubs and garden plants. It is responsible for a disease (commonly called milky spore) of the white grubs of Japanese beetles. Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae) is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium.
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